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Twentysix Gasoline Stations
''Twentysix Gasoline Stations'' is the first artist's book by the American pop artist Ed Ruscha. Published in April 1963〔Edward Ruscha Editions, Engberg, Phillpot, Walker Art Center, 1999〕 on his own imprint National Excelsior Press,〔Edward Ruscha Editions, Engberg, Phillpot, Walker Art Center, 1999 Vol2 p60〕 it is often considered to be the first modern artist's book,〔The Century of Artist's Books, Drucker, Granary, 2004 p11〕 and has become famous as a precursor and a major influence on the emerging artist's book culture, especially in America.〔(Printed Matter website )〕 The book delivers exactly what its title promises, reproducing 26 photographs of gasoline stations next to captions indicating their brand and location. From the first service station, 'Bob's Service' in Los Angeles where Ruscha lived, the book follows a journey back to Oklahoma City where he had grown up and where his mother still lived. The last image is of a Fina gasoline station in Groom, Texas, which Ruscha has suggested should be seen as the beginning of the return journey, 'like a coda'.〔'It was like going out in a certain direction and then backtracking...I wanted something to appear kind of awkward there, almost like a coda' Ruscha, 1963, quoted in ''Edward Ruscha Editions 1959-1999'', Walker Art Center, Vol 2 1999 p63〕
Originally printed in a numbered edition of 400, a second edition of 500 was published in 1967 and a third of 3000 in 1969.〔''Twentysix Gasoline Stations'', Ed Ruscha, 3rd Edition, 1969〕 Neither of these later editions was numbered. It has been suggested that these reprints were a deliberate attempt to flood the market in order to maintain the book's status as a cheap, mass-produced commodity.〔(Cara Marsh Sheffler, The Late Edition: Twenty Years of Dissemination at Printed Matter (2005) essay reproduced on Printed Matter Website )〕 The book originally sold for $3.50.〔 Of the work, Johanna Drucker said:
Ruscha's books combined the literalness of early California pop art with a flat-footed photographic aesthetic informed by minimalist notions of repetitive sequence and seriality....Thirty years later, with a quarter of a century of mainstream artworld activity between, the aspect of shock-effect and humor has diminished somewhat. But in 1962 (sic) this work read against the photographic landscape of highly aestheticized image-making.〔''The Century of Artist's Books'', Drucker, Granary, 2004 p76〕
==Origins of ''Twentysix Gasoline Stations''==
Ruscha would drive home to visit his parents in Oklahoma four or five times a year〔()〕 after leaving home at 18; many of the journeys were taken with his friend and fellow artist Joe Goode. Ruscha has said:
I wasn't coming out here () to do anything in particular, or to be anything in particular except...except out of Oklahoma...a long way from Oklahoma, that's what I wanted to be, and everything it stood for. And away from the catholic church too, and Sister Daniella who beat my knuckles with a pencil the one year I was in parochial school.〔Ed Ruscha quoted in I Dont Want No Retro Spective, Hickey & Plagens, Hudson Hills Press 1982, p26〕
Ruscha had visited Europe in 1961, and been particularly taken by the books he saw for sale "on the street, in those little bookstalls," and been impressed by the "non-commercial look... a strange kind of sober design including the typography and the binding and everything."〔Edward Ruscha Editions, Engberg, Phillpot, Walker Art Center, 1999 p59〕 Back in Los Angeles, he conceived the idea initially as a play on words, deciding upon the title first, then working on the typography and design before taking the photographs.〔Interview with Ed Ruscha, Artforum, Feb 1965, reprinted in ''Leave Any Information at the Signal'', Schwartz, October Books, 2002, p24-25〕 He took about 60 photographs, and edited them down to 26 by removing any that he felt were too interesting.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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